A new study from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) has uncovered evidence linking type 2 diabetes to changes in brain activity, raising concerns about its potential impact on memory and cognitive abilities. This groundbreaking research suggests that diabetes may alter brain function in a manner similar to the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
The study, led by UNLV Psychology Professor James Hyman, observed brain patterns and behavior in rodent models, revealing that diabetes may “rewire” the brain, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)—a key area responsible for emotional regulation, decision-making, and memory processes. Hyman emphasized that these findings could help pave the way for better diagnostic and treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s, although further research is necessary.
Historically, individuals with type 2 diabetes have been at a heightened risk for developing neurodegenerative diseases, likely due to the prolonged effects of high blood sugar on the brain. The ACC, which is involved in motivation, goal-setting, and reward processing, appears particularly vulnerable. Elevated blood sugar levels can disrupt the reward signals between the hippocampus and the ACC, impairing the brain’s response to rewards and, consequently, future decision-making.
For people managing type 2 diabetes, this disruption may explain the difficulty many experience in adhering to diet or exercise regimens. As the brain fails to respond to positive reinforcement in the same way, individuals might struggle to stay motivated. “These findings highlight that such challenges are not due to personal weakness but rather to physiological changes in the brain,” said Hyman.
Dr. Adam Scioli, Chief Medical Officer at Caron Treatment Centers, added that the brain’s reward system plays a crucial role in memory formation. The overwhelming effect of substances like sugar can therefore have lasting consequences on cognitive and working memory, akin to the impacts seen in addiction.
However, the study’s limitations—conducted on rodents—mean that translating the results to humans remains a challenge. Hyman also noted that the research focused solely on chronic hyperglycemia, leaving room for other factors to be explored. Despite these limitations, Hyman and his team are committed to further investigating the link between diabetes and cognitive decline.
Notably, Alzheimer’s disease often progresses unnoticed for years, as the brain compensates for early cognitive changes. “People with early-stage Alzheimer’s may appear to behave normally, despite underlying shifts in how they process information,” Hyman explained. The findings underscore the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels, as extreme fluctuations could increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s.
For those struggling with lifestyle changes due to diabetes, Hyman advises patience. “Understand that your brain has been rewired by the disease. Be kind to yourself and give yourself time,” he concluded.
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