For many, a cup of coffee is an essential part of the morning routine. However, for individuals with diabetes, concerns may arise about how coffee influences blood sugar levels. While caffeine can cause a slight increase in blood glucose—even when consumed without sugar or milk—not everyone with diabetes will experience a noticeable effect. Coffee can still be part of a balanced diet for those managing diabetes, as long as they are mindful of how their body responds.
Can Coffee Increase Blood Sugar?
In the short term, coffee may lead to a modest rise in blood sugar, even when consumed black without added carbohydrates. This effect occurs because caffeine can trigger the release of adrenaline, which prompts the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream.
“Many of my clients are surprised that even black coffee can slightly elevate blood sugar,” explains Vandana Sheth, RDN, CDCES, a Los Angeles-based diabetes consultant. However, the extent of this increase varies among individuals, and for many, it is unlikely to significantly impact overall blood sugar control.
Dr. Ethan Chandler, a family medicine practitioner in Saginaw, Texas, notes that people with diabetes should monitor their personal response to coffee rather than assume it will always lead to glucose spikes. “If coffee is a staple in your routine, there’s no need to eliminate it entirely,” Sheth adds. “The key is being aware of how your body reacts and adjusting accordingly.”
The Role of Carbohydrates in Coffee
While caffeine itself can have a minor effect on blood sugar, the real concern often lies in the additions that make coffee more palatable. Sweeteners, flavored syrups, milk, and creamers all contribute carbohydrates, which can lead to rapid blood sugar spikes.
Common high-carb coffee additions include:
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Sugar
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Flavored syrups
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Natural sweeteners like honey, agave, or maple syrup
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Milk and non-dairy alternatives
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Cream, half-and-half, or coffee creamer
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Whipped cream
Dr. Chandler warns that frequent consumption of sugary coffee beverages can increase the risk of diabetes-related complications. Research supports this concern—one study found that individuals who regularly drank coffee with sugar and creamer were 1.5 times more likely to struggle with A1C management than those who drank black coffee or avoided coffee altogether.
Beyond their impact on blood sugar, these additives can also increase saturated fat intake, raising the risk of heart disease. “My general advice for people with diabetes is to steer clear of sugary drinks, including coffee beverages with high sugar content,” says Chandler.
The Long-Term Effects of Coffee on Diabetes
While coffee may cause short-term increases in blood sugar, long-term consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Studies suggest that consuming 200 to 300 milligrams of caffeine per day—equivalent to two to three standard cups of coffee—may lower the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
Scientists believe this protective effect may be due to coffee’s phytochemicals, which support liver function and contribute to better blood sugar regulation. However, Dr. Chandler emphasizes that these potential benefits apply to diabetes prevention rather than blood sugar control for those already diagnosed with the condition. “Drinking coffee alone won’t reverse diabetes or significantly improve glucose levels, but it can still be included in a balanced diet if consumed in moderation,” he says.
Managing Morning Blood Sugar Spikes from Coffee
If you notice that coffee contributes to elevated morning blood sugar levels, consider the following strategies to minimize its impact:
Adjust insulin use: If you take insulin in the morning, consult your doctor about whether adjustments should be made before having coffee.
Limit sweetened coffee drinks: Many coffeehouse beverages contain as many carbohydrates as a milkshake, leading to significant glucose spikes.
Drink water first: Staying hydrated can help with glucose metabolism and prevent dehydration-related blood sugar increases.
Be mindful of sweeteners: Limit caloric sweeteners like sugar or honey to one teaspoon or less, or opt for no-carb alternatives such as stevia, sucralose, or monk fruit.
Choose low-carb milk alternatives: Unsweetened almond or soy milk have fewer carbohydrates than dairy milk, while oat milk tends to be higher in carbs.
Incorporate exercise: A brisk walk after drinking coffee may help regulate blood sugar levels.
Consider the dawn phenomenon: Some people experience morning blood sugar spikes unrelated to coffee. If this is a consistent issue, consult your doctor about potential adjustments to your diabetes management plan.
Final Thoughts
While coffee can cause a temporary rise in blood sugar for some individuals with diabetes, the effect varies widely. Monitoring personal reactions and making mindful choices about coffee additives can help minimize any negative impact. If you enjoy coffee, you likely don’t need to eliminate it—just be aware of how it affects your blood sugar and make adjustments as needed.
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