In a remarkable scientific breakthrough, researchers at the University of Eastern Finland have made a significant discovery. Their new study, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, has demonstrated for the very first time that a combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise can mitigate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, even among those with a high genetic susceptibility.
Scientists have previously identified over 500 genetic variants that can make individuals more prone to type 2 diabetes. However, lifestyle elements also play a crucial role. Key lifestyle-related risk factors include obesity, low dietary fiber consumption, high saturated fat intake, and a lack of physical activity. While prior research had established that lifestyle modifications could prevent type 2 diabetes, it remained uncertain whether this approach would be equally efficacious for those carrying numerous genetic variants associated with the disease.
The T2D-GENE trial, a three-year-long lifestyle intervention study, involved nearly 1,000 men aged 50 to 75 in eastern Finland, with over 600 participants in the lifestyle intervention group. All participants in this group received uniform lifestyle guidance. Throughout the trial, remarkable improvements were observed in their dietary habits. There was an increase in the intake of dietary fiber, as well as a higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, and berries, accompanied by a better quality of dietary fat. Additionally, they remained physically active during the entire study period. The results were conclusive: irrespective of genetic risk, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was substantially lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. This study offers hope and a clear path forward for individuals, regardless of their genetic makeup, to take proactive steps in reducing their risk of developing this prevalent and potentially debilitating disease.
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