Diabetes, a chronic disease affecting over 422 million people worldwide, has become a major global health challenge, with the majority of cases occurring in low and middle-income countries. Each year, 1.5 million deaths are attributed directly to diabetes. As the disease continues its upward trajectory, its growing prevalence has raised alarms among healthcare experts, who warn of the escalating risk of complications and deaths.
Diabetes occurs when the body either cannot produce enough insulin or cannot properly use it, leading to high blood sugar levels that can cause long-term damage to vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, eyes, blood vessels, and nerves.
In commemoration of World Diabetes Day (WDD) on November 14, experts are emphasizing the importance of regular screenings to detect and manage the disease early. The theme of this year’s observance, “Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps,” highlights the global effort to improve access to affordable, comprehensive diabetes care, particularly in underserved regions.
In Nigeria, where diabetes is becoming an increasingly urgent public health issue, healthcare professionals stress the need for better care strategies and public awareness. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies Type 2 diabetes, which is largely preventable, as the most prevalent form globally, particularly among adults. This form of diabetes arises when the body becomes resistant to insulin or fails to produce enough of it. Meanwhile, Type 1 diabetes, once called juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Lagos State’s Commissioner for Health, Prof. Akin Abayomi, pointed out that both diabetes and hypertension are leading causes of disability and death worldwide. He emphasized that early detection and treatment of these conditions are crucial to reducing the risk of severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
As part of efforts to combat diabetes in Lagos, a screening campaign titled “Know Your Numbers, Control Your Numbers” was launched. The campaign, which runs until November 24, 2024, offers free screenings at designated health centers across the state. This initiative aims to encourage residents to monitor their blood sugar and blood pressure levels regularly. Prof. Abayomi stressed that addressing diabetes requires proactive, community-wide action, noting that early diagnosis could significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce long-term healthcare costs.
Dr. Kemi Ogunyemi, Special Adviser to the Lagos Governor on Health, added that screenings will be conducted at over 30 general hospitals and 300 primary healthcare centers across the city, ensuring wide access for residents.
Diabetes is a complex condition with no single cause. While Type 1 diabetes is linked to genetic and environmental factors, including viral infections, Type 2 diabetes is more strongly associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, poor diet, and a family history of the disease.
Symptoms of diabetes vary, with Type 1 diabetes often presenting suddenly with frequent urination, excessive thirst, hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue. Type 2 diabetes typically develops more gradually, and symptoms can be mild, making early detection challenging. As such, awareness of risk factors is crucial for timely diagnosis.
The United Nations has adopted the theme of “Diabetes and Well-being” for World Diabetes Day from 2024 to 2026, urging global attention to the mental and physical challenges faced by people living with diabetes. Many individuals with the disease struggle with its daily management, which can impact their overall well-being. Proper access to care and support is essential for those affected.
Treatment options in Nigeria include insulin, oral medications, dietary advice, and lifestyle changes. While Type 1 diabetes is not preventable, Type 2 diabetes can often be delayed or even prevented with healthy habits like regular physical activity, balanced diets, and regular health screenings.
The rising prevalence of diabetes poses significant financial challenges for individuals, society, and the government. However, experts agree that cost-effective measures—such as blood glucose monitoring, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and regular screenings for complications—can greatly improve health outcomes for diabetes patients.
To address the growing burden of diabetes, the WHO encourages public health policies that promote healthier lifestyles for everyone, regardless of diabetes status. These measures include promoting exercise, healthy eating, and smoking cessation as well as controlling blood pressure and cholesterol.
Finally, better patient education is critical. Too many people, especially children, suffer and die from diabetes because they lack access to affordable healthcare. Educating the public on the risks and signs of diabetes could significantly reduce the number of lives lost.
In Nigeria and beyond, experts call for immediate and sustained action to prevent the further spread of diabetes and ensure that all individuals affected by the disease can live long, healthy lives.
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