Diabetes is a growing concern in New Zealand, affecting over 324,000 individuals. In the past three years alone, nearly 100,000 New Zealanders have received a diabetes diagnosis, with an alarming 45 new cases reported daily. Despite its prevalence, misinformation continues to cloud public understanding of the disease, complicating the lives of those affected.
In response, Diabetes New Zealand has initiated the “Don’t Sugar Coat Diabetes” campaign during Diabetes Action Month. The campaign aims to raise awareness, debunk common myths, and reduce the stigma associated with diabetes, all while informing individuals about their specific risk factors.
Liz Dutton, Head of Clinical Services at Diabetes NZ, stated, “These misconceptions can lead to feelings of shame, embarrassment, or anger. Such negative emotions can, in turn, cause blood glucose levels to rise, directly impacting diabetes management.”
A recent survey indicated that nearly 75% of individuals with diabetes have encountered false claims about the condition, leaving many feeling judged for an illness influenced by various factors beyond their control.
Here are some of the most pervasive myths that contribute to the stigma surrounding diabetes:
Myth 1: Consuming too much sugar causes diabetes.
Dutton clarifies that “Type 1 diabetes has nothing to do with sugar.” Although a poor diet may heighten the risk of Type 2 diabetes, a combination of genetics, lifestyle, and age plays a significant role. “Blaming sugar alone is inaccurate and harmful,” she added. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder typically diagnosed in younger individuals, requiring daily insulin injections. Conversely, Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic condition often linked to family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle choices, predominantly affecting adults over 45, though it can develop at any age.
Myth 2: Individuals with diabetes must completely avoid sugar.
Another common misconception is that those with diabetes cannot consume sugar at all. In fact, sugar can be vital for individuals with Type 1 diabetes to elevate blood glucose levels in cases of hypoglycemia, such as when too much insulin is administered or meals are missed. Dutton highlights that individuals with Type 2 diabetes can also enjoy occasional sugary treats. “We need to be cautious about our language and avoid judging people with diabetes for their food selections,” she stated.
Myth 3: Only overweight or inactive individuals develop diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is not related to weight or lifestyle choices. While being overweight is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, it is not the sole contributor. “Many slim and active individuals also develop this condition,” Dutton pointed out, noting that genetics, age, and physical inactivity are significant factors. Notably, around 20% of people with Type 2 diabetes are of normal weight or underweight.
Myth 4: Diabetes only affects older adults.
Diabetes can affect individuals of all ages, and a lack of awareness can prevent people from recognizing its symptoms, especially in younger populations. “Type 1 diabetes can manifest at any age, often appearing in individuals under 30,” Dutton explained. “Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adults over 45, or 35 for Māori and Pasifika communities, but can also be diagnosed in children as young as six. Gestational diabetes can occur during any pregnancy, regardless of the mother’s age.”
Myth 5: Diabetes is not a serious health issue.
Some people mistakenly believe that diabetes is a benign condition. Poorly managed diabetes can lead to severe complications, including kidney damage, blindness, and even amputations—all of which are preventable. For those with Type 1 diabetes, a significant drop in blood glucose can lead to unconsciousness or, in extreme cases, death.
“These myths create barriers for individuals with diabetes in managing their condition and obtaining necessary support,” Dutton said, adding that many with Type 2 diabetes struggle to understand their medications, potentially leading to inadequate treatment.
The emotional and physical toll of diabetes is substantial, as individuals must constantly monitor their health and make up to 180 diabetes-related decisions each day concerning diet, exercise, and medication—all while facing societal judgment.
The survey revealed that 40% of respondents felt offended by remarks that blamed them for their condition. Many individuals even conceal their diagnosis to escape stigma, hindering their ability to seek assistance and effectively manage their diabetes. “Imagine the daily struggle of managing your health while being told it’s your fault,” Dutton said. “That kind of judgment is incredibly harmful. We must support those with diabetes rather than assign blame.”
This Diabetes Action Month, Diabetes New Zealand encourages Kiwis to participate in the Know Your Risk quiz, designed to help individuals assess their personal risk factors for Type 2 diabetes and promote proactive health management.
Dutton also highlighted the potential for healthy lifestyle changes, particularly for those diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. “In the initial years after diagnosis, many individuals can achieve remission through proper diet and exercise,” she said, underlining the importance of early intervention and effective care.
“The more informed people are about diabetes, the less stigma we will encounter. Our goal is to educate the public and eliminate the spread of misinformation.”
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